Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. However, changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) balance alter an individual’s susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population.MethodsA total of 504 subjects, including 258 COVID-19 positives, and 246 healthy controls, were recruited. Genotyping of the ACE gene rs4646994, and AGT rs699, and AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively.ResultsOur results showed that the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 and the I allele decreased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we found that the TC genotype and C allele of AGT rs699 increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The AGTR1 rs5186 was not associated with COVID-19 infection. Also, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and the severity of the disease. However, we found a significantly higher age and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe disease than a non-severe disease.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population.
Highlights
Coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Kouhpayeh et al Translational Medicine Communications (2021) 6:26. These findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID19 infection in a southeast Iranian population
COVID-19 is mainly pneumonia characterized by cough, a fever, shortness of breath, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [2]; all organs could be affected by the virus, including the endocrine [3], cardiovascular [4], renal [5] and nervous systems [6] regardless the presence of pneumonia
Summary
Coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and has spread rapidly worldwide [1]. After about two years from the beginning of the pandemic, more than 235 million cases with approximately 4.8 million deaths are reported worldwide, with turned COVID-19 as a significant global crisis in modern history (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus). The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population
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