Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme- Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Diabetes Mellitus-2 in Saudi Population.

Mahmoud Habibullah,Xingping Qin,Mohtashim Lohani,Mohammed Aldughaim,Yahia Al-Kaabi,Farhana Akter

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.119

Abstract

Objectives:The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been debated vigorously but still remains controversial. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the possible association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM and hypertension (HTN) in a population of Saudi Arabian participants. Methods:A total of 143 individuals were recruited for the study, consisting of 74 controls and 69 patients with T2DM. Genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction. Results:The genotype frequencies for DD, ID and II in controls were 52.7%, 39.2% and 8.1%, whereas in T2D patients it was 52.2%, 40.6% and 7.2% respectively. The DD frequency was highest out of the three genotypes in both the controls and the T2DM patients. Conclusion:There was no significant difference found in the genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls, suggesting that insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene may not be associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study population.

Highlights

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-metallopeptidase that plays an essential role in two physiological systems: the production of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin
There was no significant difference found in the genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls, suggesting that insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may not be associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study population
The underlying genetic factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are, complex and yet to be fully discovered

Summary

Introduction

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-metallopeptidase that plays an essential role in two physiological systems: the production of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin. ACE is involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that regulates blood pressure (Sturrock et al, 2013). ACE, found mainly in the lungs, converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, the latter of which is a potent vasoconstrictor, responsible for stimulating the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which increases water and sodium retention, and increases blood volume and blood pressure (Thatcher, 2017). The frequency of the different ACE alleles are known to vary between different ethnic groups (Barley et al, 1994). The aim of our study was to discover the ACE allele and genotype frequencies among a group of patients with T2DM from Saudi Arabia

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion