Abstract
Cognitive impairment is more prevalent in heart failure (HF) patients. Anemia can influence cognitive ability and is likely more prevalent in elderly patients with HF. However, there are limited data on the association of anemia with cognitive impairment in elderly HF patients. This study aimed to identify the association between anemia and cognitive impairment in elderly HF patients. This secondary data analysis included 181 patients aged 60 years or older with HF. Patients were categorized into an anemic or non-anemic group based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. We assessed the cognitive function using the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) at the time of enrollment. The prevalence of anemia and cognitive impairment in older patients with HF was the same at 35.4%. The main finding of the multiple logistic regression indicated that compared to a non-anemic status, anemia increased the risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 4.268, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.898–9.593, p < 0.001). Healthcare providers should recognize the value of the significance of early assessment of anemic status and cognitive function following HF. A prospective cohort study should identify the pathway of the association between anemia and incidence of cognitive impairment.
Highlights
IntroductionThe increasing aging population and prevalence of risk conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) have increased the number of persons at risk of heart failure (HF) worldwide [1]
The increasing aging population and prevalence of risk conditions have increased the number of persons at risk of heart failure (HF) worldwide [1]
The main finding of the multiple logistic regression indicated that compared to a non-anemic status, anemia increased the risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 4.268, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.898–9.593, p < 0.001)
Summary
The increasing aging population and prevalence of risk conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) have increased the number of persons at risk of HF worldwide [1]. In Korea, these factors are expected to increase the prevalence of HF (heart failure) until 2040 [2]. HF disproportionately afflicts older adults, and is often more challenging for elderly patients because of multi-morbid illnesses, polypharmacy, and cognitive impairments [3,4]. HF can increase the re-hospitalization rate and mortality risk because of chronic conditions with frequent symptom exacerbations [5,6]. Medical technology is continuously developing, an improved long-term outcome for HF patients is not yet known [7]. Better HF self-care can reduce mortality hospital admissions [8]. Patient self-care should be emphasized in the HF population [9]
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