Association between Anatomical Variations and Maxillary Canine Impaction: A Retrospective Study in Orthodontics

Marco Pasini,Giuseppe Marzo,Maria Rita Giuca,Stefano Mummolo,Vincenzo Quinzi,Sara Ligori,Fabiana Fiasca

doi:10.3390/app10165638

Marco Pasini, Giuseppe Marzo + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165638

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Journal: Applied Sciences	Publication Date: Aug 14, 2020
Citations: 14	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of L'Aquila, University of Pisa

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate whether or not there is a higher prevalence of skeletal abnormalities in subjects with maxillary canine impaction (MCI). This retrospective study was performed on 67 subjects with maxillary canine impaction (test group) and on 67 patients without dental displacement (control group). Sella turcica bridging (SB), ponticulus posticus (PP), atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD) and the morphology of sella turcica and pterygopalatine fissure were evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Mann–Whitney test and multivariate logistic models; the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results showed that in the test and control groups 87% and 62.7% of patients had SB, respectively. PP was observed in 60% of patients in the test group and in 16.4% of patients in the control group. APAD was observed in 9% of test group and in 4.5% of the control group. Skeletal anomalies were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in subjects with MCI. A significant difference between the groups was observed in regards to the shape of the pterygopalatine fissure, found to be less wide and longer in the test group. SB, PP and APAD were higher in subjects with MCI; furthermore, an elongated pterygopalatine fissure was significantly associated with MCI.

Highlights

Maxillary canine impaction (MCI) is an anomaly that indicates the absence of the dental arch of the dental elements that remain included beyond the physiological age of eruption.The etiologic factors may be genetic, systemic or localized
Our findings showed that ponticulus posticus (PP), sella-turcica bridging (SB) and atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of MCI and this is in agreement with other studies [1]
The lateral radiographs only provide a sagittal view while a computed tomography examination may be helpful to confirm this diagnosis; Sonnesen et al [17] demonstrated that the presence of skeletal variations in the cervical vertebral anatomy exhibited a high concordance between lateral radiographs and CBCT radiographs, the lateral radiographs are often sufficient to identify skeletal abnormalities in the cervical vertebral section

Summary

Introduction

Maxillary canine impaction (MCI) is an anomaly that indicates the absence of the dental arch of the dental elements that remain included beyond the physiological age of eruption.The etiologic factors may be genetic, systemic or localized. Cephalometric radiographs are indispensable for an orthodontic diagnosis but they include other important information about craniofacial abnormalities. Different skeletal alterations have been observed, including: ponticulus posticus (PP), atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD) and sella-turcica bridging (SB) [1]. PP is an abnormal bony bridge that arises from the posterior portion of the superior articular process and the posterolateral portion of the superior margin of the posterior arch of the atlas [2]. It was observed that anomalies of the skeletal atlas posterior arch can be detected in fewer than 5% of patients without any pathology; it was stated that it can be linked with different symptoms [3]. It was noticed that an abnormal embryological development of the

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