Association between albumin corrected anion gap and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective study based on MIMIC-IV database

Abstract

Background The early identification of patients at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) with a poor prognosis is crucial to prevent complications and minimize mortality. This study sought to investigate the association between albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and all-cause mortality among critically ill patients with AKI. Methods All eligible AKI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV version 2.0) database were considered for participation in this study. We employed Kaplan–Meier curves to assess the 30-d and 360-d cumulative survival rates among various groups. Flexibly visualizing the connection between ACAG and mortality, we utilize restricted cubic splines (RCS) and multivariate Cox regression models. Result robustness underwent assessment through subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive performance of ACAG. Results The study included 9625 AKI participants, of whom 58.60% were male, and the 360-d all-cause mortality rate was 39.89%. According to Kaplan–Meier analysis, the 30-d and 360-d cumulative survival rates for AKI patients were significantly lower in the high ACAG group than in the normal ACAG group. RCS analysis indicated that ACAG levels had a non-linear correlation with the risk of 30-d and 360-d mortality for AKI patients. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ACAG is an independent risk indicator for 30-d and 360-d prognosis in AKI patients in the ICU. Conclusions Elevated ACAG levels (> 20 mmol/L) at ICU admission were associated with 30-d and 360-d all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with AKI.