Abstract
BackgroundDietary fatty acids are important dietary determinants of metabolic disorders in human. However, it is important to develop an index that considers not only the amount of dietary fatty acids but also the structure, fluidity and melting point of them. In the current study we investigated the association between a novel dietary lipophilic index (LI) with metabolic profile and dyslipidemia in a community based study in Tabriz-Iran.MethodsDietary data were collected using a validated, 79-food item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary LI was calculated. Anthropometric variables were measured and metabolic profile including blood sugar, serum lipids and liver enzymes were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the adult treatment panel (ATP) III criteria.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 42.53 ± 12.03 years and most of the participants were women. Mean of dietary LI was 34.99 ± 6.91. Higher dietary LI was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.17, P < 0.04), waist circumference (β = 0.18, P < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.27, P < 0.01). Also LI was increased with increasing waist circumference (0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (0.001), and negatively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.001).ConclusionThe novel dietary LI was considered as a useful tool in prediction of cardio-metabolic risk factors including general and central obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in a population-based study in Iran. Further researches in other disease and populations could highlight the application of this index in clinical settings.
Highlights
Dietary fatty acids are important dietary determinants of metabolic disorders in human
Most of the studies have examined the role of only a limited number of isolated fatty acids; while in a usual diet, a combination of fatty acids are consumed with numerous synergistic or inhibitory actions; developing an index that contributes dietary pattern of fatty acids’ intake in the usual diet might give a realistic image of the human diet; recently, a new lipophilic index (LI) has been developed that is calculated as: the sum of the quantity of fatty acids consumed by an individual multiplied by melting point of each fatty acid divided by the total grams of fat intake [8, 9]
Waist circumference (WC) was significantly lower and body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the females compared to male participants (Table 1)
Summary
Dietary fatty acids are important dietary determinants of metabolic disorders in human. It is important to develop an index that considers the amount of dietary fatty acids and the structure, fluidity and melting point of them. A recent study in Iran evaluated the association between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from different food groups and the risk of MetS. Most of the studies have examined the role of only a limited number of isolated fatty acids; while in a usual diet, a combination of fatty acids are consumed with numerous synergistic or inhibitory actions; developing an index that contributes dietary pattern of fatty acids’ intake in the usual diet might give a realistic image of the human diet; recently, a new lipophilic index (LI) has been developed that is calculated as: the sum of the quantity of fatty acids consumed by an individual multiplied by melting point of each fatty acid divided by the total grams of fat intake [8, 9]. Considering the high prevalence of MetS and the lack of studies that have examined the association between MetS components and dietary LI, this study was conducted to determine the association between dietary LI and components of the MetS in a community-based study in Tabriz, Iran
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