Abstract
The relationship between liver enzymes and clustered components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is explored and the predictive power of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) for the diagnosis of MetS in an adult population in Beijing is investigated. A total of 10,553 adults aged 20–65 years who underwent health examinations at Beijing Tongren Hospital in 2012 were enrolled in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis is conducted to determine the associations between the levels of various liver enzymes and clustered components of MetS. A receiver operating characteristic analysis is used to determine the optimal cut-off value of GGT for the diagnosis of MetS. A high level of GGT is found to be positively associated with clustered components of MetS in both men and women after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), history of alcoholic fatty liver, and the presence of taking anti-hypertensive, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-diabetic drugs. Among all components of MetS, GGT is more predictive of triglyceride, and BMI. The area-under-the-curve values of GGT for discriminating MetS from normal metabolic status in men and women are 0.73 and 0.80, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of GGT for men is 31.50 U/L, demonstrating a sensitivity of 74.00% and specificity of 62.00%. For women, it is 19.50 U/L (sensitivity 76.00% and specificity 70.00%). GGT is therefore recommended as a useful diagnostic marker for MetS, because the test is inexpensive, highly sensitive, and frequently encountered in clinical practice.
Highlights
Introduction γGlutamyl transferase (GGT) is independently associated with several pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2], diabetes [3,4,5], and metabolic syndrome (MetS) [6,7,8,9].The enzyme is involved in glutathione metabolism and plays critical roles in antioxidant defense, detoxification, and inflammation processes
It was shown that men have a higher prevalence of MetS, elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated TG, elevated body mass index (BMI), and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, whereas women demonstrated a slightly higher prevalence of reduced HDL-C
In addition to the levels of five MetS components and four liver enzymes, the prevalence of history of alcoholic fatty liver, and taking anti-hypertensive, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-diabetic drugs were significantly higher in the MetS group than the non-MetS group for both men and women
Summary
Introduction γGlutamyl transferase (GGT) is independently associated with several pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2], diabetes [3,4,5], and metabolic syndrome (MetS) [6,7,8,9].The enzyme is involved in glutathione metabolism and plays critical roles in antioxidant defense, detoxification, and inflammation processes. Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is independently associated with several pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2], diabetes [3,4,5], and metabolic syndrome (MetS) [6,7,8,9]. It has recently been found to be involved in many physiological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and diabetes [10]. Oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in the onset of several obesity-related disorders such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type-2 diabetes mellitus and MetS [11]. The prevalence of MetS is growing rapidly and is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, CVD, and total mortality [12,13], the identification of biomarkers for MetS is of pivotal importance
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