Abstract
BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, both in the community and hospital settings. It is a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year and is the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteremia. We previously conducted a study on “Urinary Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of UTI among Pregnant Women in North West Ethiopia” but the study did not address risk factors associated with urinary tract infection so the aim of the study was to assess associated risk factors of UTI among pregnant women in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 367 pregnant women with and without symptoms of urinary tract infection(UTI) were included as a study subject from January 2011 to April 2011. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed following standard bacteriological tests. Data concerning associated risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires and were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16).ResultBivarait analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors of UTI showed that family income level (family monthly income level ≤ 500 birr($37.85); P = 0.006, OR = 5.581, CI = 1.658, 18.793 and 501–1000 birr ($37.93-$75.70), P = 0.039, OR = 3.429, CI = 1.065, 11.034), anaemia (P = 0.003, OR = 4.388, CI = 1.776, 10.839), sexual activity (P = 0.032, OR = 3.520, CI = 1.197,10.363) and past history of UTI (P = 0.000, OR = 3.397, CI = 1.672, 6.902) were found to be factors significantly associated with increase prevalence of UTI. In contrast multiparity, history of catheterization, genitourinary abnormality, maternal age, gestational age and educational status were not significantly associated with UTI among pregnant women.ConclusionIn this study UTI was high among pregnant women in the presence of associated risk factor such as anaemia, low income level, past history of UTI and sexual activity.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, both in the community and hospital settings
Study population, duration of study and data collection A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH) from January 2011 to April 2011 to determine associated risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women
The assessment of associated risk factors of UTI showed that history of UTI (P = 0.000, OR = 3.397, CI = 1.672, 6.902), anaemia (P = 0.003, OR = 4.388, CI = 1.776, 10.839), sexual activity (P = 0.032, OR = 3.520, CI = 1.197,10.363) and family monthly income (taking family monthly income > 2000 birr ($151.40) as reference, family monthly income level ≤ 500 ETB ($37.85); P = 0.006, OR = 5.581, CI = 1.658, 18.793 and 501–1000 ETB($37.85-75.70); P = 0.039, OR = 3.429, CI = 1.065, 11.034) showed statistical significant association with UTI
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, both in the community and hospital settings It is a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year and is the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteremia. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the single commonest bacterial infections of mankind, to help in alleviating the problem we previously conducted a study on UTI which addressed the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of UTI [1,2] but there was a need to address associated risk factors of UTI which may play important role in the prevention and control of this serious health problem which affect millions of people each year and Pregnancy is one of the factors which increase the risk of UTI partly due to the pressure of gravid uterus on the ureters causing stasis of urine flow and is attributed to the humoral and immunological changes during normal pregnancy [9]. Increase risk of UTI reported in the presence of neurological diseases, congenital/acquired anomalies of bladder, vesico-ureteric reflux and suppressed immune system [9,12]
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