Abstract
AbstractIn this article, I analyse the theory and practice of interventions in foreign civil wars to assist rebels fighting against violently oppressive government. I argue that the indirect nature of this kind of intervention gives rise to political complications that are either absent from or less obvious in humanitarian interventions aimed chiefly at defending human rights from imminent threats. An adequate theory must therefore accommodate three additional components. First, it requires a theory of indirect warfare accounting for how the ends of the interveners’ added violence relate to those of the rebels’ violence. Second, it requires a theory of indirect political leadership, paying careful attention both to the political status of the rebel leaders vis‐à‐vis the people on whose behalf they fight and to the relationship between those leaders and the interveners. Third, the peculiarities of indirect military intervention mean that the violence it introduces isn’t easily explained purely in terms of defensive goals. An adequate account needs additionally to pay attention to the role of violence in shaping new political movements and institutions. The value of such goals is less easily quantified than those of humanitarian intervention, making it harder to set upper limits on permissible ‘proportionate’ harm.
Highlights
In this article, I analyse the theory and practice of interventions in foreign civil wars to assist rebels fighting against violently oppressive government
I argue that the indirect nature of this kind of intervention gives rise to political complications that are either absent from or less obvious in humanitarian interventions aimed at defending human rights from imminent threats
An adequate theory must accommodate three additional components. It requires a theory of indirect warfare accounting for how the ends of the interveners’ added violence relate to those of the rebels’ violence. It requires a theory of indirect political leadership, paying careful attention both to the political status of the rebel leaders vis-a-vis the people on whose behalf they fight and to the relationship between those leaders and the interveners
Summary
I analyse the theory and practice of interventions in foreign civil wars to assist rebels fighting against violently oppressive government. This has less to do with self-determination as a moral value and more to do with its importance as a de facto political dimension of those cases in which indirect military intervention seems most promising.
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