Assessments of Use of Blended Radar–Numerical Weather Prediction Product in Short-Range Warning of Intense Rainstorms in Localized Systems (SWIRLS) for Quantitative Precipitation Forecast of Tropical Cyclone Landfall on Vietnam’s Coast

Abstract

This research presents a blended system implemented by the Vietnam National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting to enhance the nowcasting and forecasting services of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) of tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls on Vietnam’s coast. Firstly, the extrapolations of rain/convective systems from multiple radars in Vietnam in ranges up to 6 h were carried out using Short-Range Warning of Intense Rainstorms in Localized Systems (SWIRLS) developed by the Hong Kong Observatory. Secondly, the forecast from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, based on the WRF-ARW model running at 3 km horizontal resolution, was blended with radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates and nowcasts of SWIRLS. The analysis showed that the application of the nowcast system to TC-related cloud forms is complicated, which is related to the TC’s evolution and the different types and multiple layers of storm clouds that can affect the accuracy of the derived motion fields in nowcast systems. With hourly accumulated rainfall observation, skill score validation conducted for several TCs that landed in the center of Vietnam demonstrated that the blending of nowcasting and NWP improve the quality of the QPFs of TCs in forecast ranges up to 3 h compared to the pure NWP forecasts.