Abstract
Infectious diseases are the critical problems of the world as a result of the emergence of different antimicrobial resistant microorganisms due to several reasons like misuses and repeating uses of antibiotics. Because of this, searching of new treatment method is important from natural substances to against those infectious diseases in both human and animals' aspects. Among those plants, Sida rhombifolia has various roles against those infectious diseases through its different phytochemical components. The objectives of this study were assessing the antibacterial activity of the aqueous-methanol extract of the plant's aerial part and knowing the phytochemical constituents of the plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the extract of S. rhombifolia's aerial part possesses flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and quinines. In addition to this, the antibacterial activity of the plant extract was evaluated on five pathogenic bacteria species using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of plant extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration determinations were done by tetrazolium chloride microtiter dilution assay. The inhibition zone of mean diameters ranging from 0.00 to 7.67mm against all test bacteria was significantly (p<0.05) much less than that of the positive control Chloroamphinicole (30μg/disc) with the range of 14.33mm-15mm of inhibition zone of diameters. The inhibition zones of the tested bacteria at the concentration of 62.5mg/ml were much less than the higher concentration (500mg/ml) and significantly different (p<0.05), whereas the MIC value ranges from 4.62 to 97.22mg/ml and the MBC value ranges from 4.62 to 125.00mg/ml. Even if the plant extract showed antibacterial activity, it was lower than that of other solvent extraction methods; so other solvent extraction methods and fractionates must be conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities of the plant extract on different bacterial strains and species that cause different diseases.
Highlights
In developing African countries like Ethiopia, livestock production remains essential and represents a major asset among resource-poor smallholder farmers by giving milk, meat, skin, manure, and traction
Fresh whole parts of Sida rhombifolia used for this experiment were collected from natural habitats in Addis Zeeman which is found in Gondar, in October 2017
Medicinal plants are used for treatments of infectious diseases which are caused by different pathogenic microorganisms and are becoming worldwide threats
Summary
In developing African countries like Ethiopia, livestock production remains essential and represents a major asset among resource-poor smallholder farmers by giving milk, meat, skin, manure, and traction. The economic benefits of livestock populations remain minimal due to prevailing livestock diseases, which are among the principal obstacles for livestock performance and cause of high economic losses of the resource poor farmers [1]. This condition has been aggravated by the inadequate provision of modern medicines, which in turn is caused by lack of sufficient money to import those medicines by the government and the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens to the antibiotics [2].
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