Abstract
As a part of the renewable energy cycle, forest biomass resources are considered to be important renewable materials and energy sources in many countries. It is evident from international and local research into forest biomass utilization that several challenges must be addressed to ensure logging waste can be transformed into material of commercial value. Several logistical and supply chain challenges have already been identified, including uncertainty about the nature, amount, and quality of forest residues. In this context, this paper presents a summary review of estimation methods and techniques for managing forest and woody residue along the timber supply chain. The review examines both the opportunities and the challenges evident in the international forest residue estimation methods within each supply chain for primary and secondary forest resources. The review also discusses techniques for supply chain and management planning and highlights the limitations of existing information and communication technology (ICT) implemented for forest biomass research.
Highlights
Because of fossil fuel cost and environmental concerns, processed forest and woody biomass have become a valuable source of bioenergy and bio-based wood products; their production technologies are under continuous improvement
This study revealed that the recovered residue delivered as logging residue biomass feedstock from a ground-based harvesting system showed a high biomass recovery rate (70% for a shovel logged unit) compared with a cable yarding system (60% for a cable yarded unit)
This paper presents a summary review of forest and woody residue estimation methods and techniques along the wood supply chain
Summary
Because of fossil fuel cost and environmental concerns, processed forest and woody biomass have become a valuable source of bioenergy and bio-based wood products; their production technologies are under continuous improvement. The European Union (EU) has announced that 20% of energy will be generated from renewable sources including bioenergy by 2020 [1]. In the 27 member nations of the EU, biomass contributed 8.2% of the EU’s total energy consumption in 2010, nearly 64% of Europe’s renewable energy [2]. Forest biomass is the dominant feedstock, contributing about two-thirds of the total biomass for energy production or about half of all renewable energy sources [3]. The current primary biomass comes from a wide range of forestry and agricultural sources such as harvesting residue, industrial processing residues, and municipal solid and urban wood residues [5]
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