Assessment on the Characterization of Mineralogical Phase of Ceramic Tiles Available in Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) Using XRD and FTIR Analyses

Pramod Budhathoki,Gopal Paudyal,Jagadeesh Bhattarai,Nirjan Duwal,Rishiram Oli

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21171

Pramod Budhathoki, Gopal Paudyal + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21171

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Abstract

The mineralogical phase of eight different types of contemporary and historical ceramic tile samples used in Kathmandu valley of Nepal was analyzed using their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra to assess their quality. Mineralogical phases existed in these eight different tile samples, i. e., three wall, three floor and two ancient tile sample specimens, used in this study are identified as quartz, feldspars, spinel, mullite and hematite including paragonite with the help of the corresponding Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database files. The firing temperature applied during the time of these ceramic tiles production should be 1000° C or slightly more. The mineralogical compositions of the contemporary tile samples are found to be comparable with those of the ancient brick samples of the historical temples and monuments of Kathmandu valley of Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 238-243

Highlights

It has been recently attracted more attention by ceramic materials than other two classes of metallic and polymeric materials in scientific community (Carter and Norton, 2007; Barsoum, 2003), because ceramic materials have advantageous physical, chemical, refractoriness, strength retention at high temperature, high melting point and good mechanical properties (Basu and Balani, 2011; Richerson, 2000; Kingery et al, 1976)
The traditional ceramics are largely made by clay based and are typically involved low-cost fabrication processes, the engineering ceramics are fabricated from highpurity ceramic powders and their properties can manipulate by varying process parameters
The mineralogical phases present in all eight selected ceramic tile samples are identified as quartz, feldspars, spinel, mullite and hematite including paragonite in TF-21 sample (Fig. 2) with the help of the corresponding Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database files (JCPDS, 1999)

Summary

Introduction

It has been recently attracted more attention by ceramic materials than other two classes of metallic and polymeric materials in scientific community (Carter and Norton, 2007; Barsoum, 2003), because ceramic materials have advantageous physical, chemical, refractoriness, strength retention at high temperature, high melting point and good mechanical properties (Basu and Balani, 2011; Richerson, 2000; Kingery et al, 1976). The traditional ceramics is a class of inorganic materials that have ionic and/or covalent bonding at high temperature (Basu and Balani, 2011; Kingery et al, 1976). Evidence of the use of clayor pottery-based materials was found in Harappan, Chinese, Greek and many other civilizations (Basu and Balani, 2011; Richerson, 2000).

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