Abstract
Cement is the prime ingredient used in the construction industry. Cement consumption has a direct correlation to economic growth and improvement in the living standards of society. Energy and capital intensity nature of the industry necessitate large investments that require a long‐term perspective on financing and returns. Besides, production and consumption of cement are mainly subject to economic and construction cycles, resulting in volatility of operating costs and revenues. Addition to that Portland cement clinker production is one of the major sources of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases within the contribution of 5 % of the annual global atmospheric CO 2 emission. The increasing demand for cement has also provided the desired boost to the cement industry leading to a quite visible growth of additional production capacity and need to find out other cement replacing potential materials. As a result, the study amid to assess on cement production practice and potential cement replacing materials in Ethiopia to reduce the high cost of cement in order to provide sustainable and cost efficient structure for the public and private sectors. It can therefore, be concluded that in Ethiopia there is insufficient supply of cement and there also numbers of alternative cement replacing cementiouse materials like coffee husk ash . Keywords: assessment, cement, production, replacement DOI : 10.7176/CER/12-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Highlights
A day’s construction has become the most vital components to develop our country and it plays a critical role on social, economy especially to decrease unemployment
The primary raw materials used for cement production are limestone, clay, chalk, marl, and others, significant quantities of which are continuously quarried to service the demand for cement
CHA was tested to have such property. It acts as a pozzolanic material when added to cement because of its silica (SiO2) and aluminate content, which reacts with free lime release during the hydration of the cement and forms additional calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) as a new hydration product Abebe D. 2019)
Summary
A day’s construction has become the most vital components to develop our country and it plays a critical role on social, economy especially to decrease unemployment. Due to the rapid economic growth in general and construction activities in particular, cement consumption has risen by an average growth rate of 30 %, well above the growth rates seen during this period for both overall GDP growth (11 %) and the construction sector (10 %) and for least five years it is on the breakeven point of demand and supply perspectives This increase in cement consumption which is triggered by huge projects in the construction sector has led to extensive private sector domestic and foreign investments to establish cement manufacturing industries (MoFD, 2010). Due to the rise in concrete construction in Ethiopia, the demand for cement has been growing since and in 2008 there were four cement plants with a combined production capacity of about 2.85 million metric tons per year as reported by Ethiopian investment agency. Ethiopia historically has low cement per capita consumption as low as 39 Kg in 2011 whereas it reached 62 kg in 2014 which is still low compared to the global average of 500 kg/ year (MOI, 2015)
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