Abstract
The current investigation assessed the nickel and zinc contents of the soil, and the vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA-6300 Shimadzu Japan) assessed the metal profile of the samples. The mean concentrations of metals in soil samples varied from O.O85 to 1.611 mg/kg for Ni and O.453 ~ O.9O8 mg/kg for Zn. In vegetables, the maximum Ni concentration was observed in Capsicum baccatum consequent to wastewater irrigation, while its minimum concentrations were noticed in Capsicum frutescens after canal water irrigation. Sewage water irrigation resulted in the highest Zn contents in Solanum lycopersicum and the lowest Zn contents were noticed in Capsicum baccatum after canal water irrigation. The daily intake values of Ni and Zn were higher caused by sewage water irrigation as compared to the canal water irrigation in all tested vegetable samples. Health risk index (HRI) values for Ni and Zn accumulation in vegetables fell within the permissible limit in Pakistan and these were regarded as appropriate for human intake.
Highlights
Metals have been categorized as essential and non-essential based on their metabolism in biological systems [1,2,3,4,5]
Living organisms may store heavy metals upon their entry in the body in various forms which can be categorized into three forms namely extracellular accumulation, cell surface binding and intracellular accumulation
The intracellular and extracellular accumulation of metals occurs in the living cells occurs by active transport
Summary
Metals have been categorized as essential and non-essential based on their metabolism in biological systems [1,2,3,4,5]. The higher quantities of essential heavy metals may be highly poisonous [6,7]. These elements have a great impact on many metabolic pathways of living organisms [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Living organisms may store heavy metals upon their entry in the body in various forms which can be categorized into three forms namely extracellular accumulation, cell surface binding and intracellular accumulation. The intracellular and extracellular accumulation of metals occurs in the living cells occurs by active transport. Even trace quantities of some heavy metals in organisms prove to be harmful since they interfere with the metabolic functions of the cells [14,15,16,17,18]
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