Abstract
Ecological survey was executed to assess woody species encroachment into the grassland plain of Nechisar National Park (NNP). Forty-one woody species were recorded. Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth., Acacia nilotica (L) Willd., Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., Acacia seyal Del. and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne were among the major encroaching woody species. The majority of the woody species were found to be highly aggregated in their pattern of distribution, while only few species showed some degree of randomness. The mean woody species density was ca. 1995 woody plants ha−1. Mean cover of woody, grass, unpalatable forbs and total herbaceous species were 31%, 58%, 68% and 121%, respectively. The woody species density and cover, unpalatable forbs and bare land cover were significantly higher in the highly grazed and fire-suppressed part of the grassland plain. Pearson correlation coefficient matrix indicated that woody species cover and density were negatively correlated with total herbaceous and grass cover. The high woody, unpalatable forbs and bare land cover indicated the progressively increasing perennial grass species diversity deterioration in the grass plain of the Park. Decline in the grassland condition, unless reversed, will jeopardize the biological diversity as well as the aesthetic value of the NNP. Resume Une etude ecologique fut faite pour evaluer l’envahissement des especes ligneuses dans la plaine herbacee du NNP. Quarante et une especes furent enregistrees. Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth., Acacia nilotica (L) Willd., Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., Acacia seyal Del. and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne comptaient parmi les especes les plus envahissantes. On a trouve que la majorite des especes ligneuses avaient un schema de distribution fortement groupe tandis que seule la distribution de quelques especes etait, a un certain degre, aleatoire. La densite moyenne des especes ligneuses etait d’environ 1995 plants par hectare. La couverture moyenne des especes ligneuses, des graminees, des herbes dicotyledones non comestibles, et des especes herbeuses dans leur ensemble etait de 31%, 58%, 68% et 121% respectivement. La densite et la couverture des especes ligneuses et des dicotyledones non comestibles et la surface de sol nu etaient significativement plus elevees dans les parties les plus pâturees et protegees des feux de la plaine herbeuse. Une matrice du coefficient de correlation de Pearson indique que la couverture et la densite des especes ligneuses etaient negativement liees a la couverture herbacee totale et a celle des graminees. La forte couverture des especes ligneuses et des dicotyledones non comestibles et le sol nu indiquent la deterioration de plus en plus rapide de la diversite des especes de graminees dans la plaine herbeuse du parc. Le declin de l’etat de la prairie, s’il n’est pas inverse, va mettre en danger la diversite biologique, mais aussi la valeur esthetique du NPP.
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