Abstract
BackgroundPrimary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient. In consequence, it leads to an increased susceptibility to infections. Up to date, there are about 350 different disorders classified in that group. There are also patients suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI), however that group doesn’t present any abnormalities in terms of conducted immunological tests. Many factors, including medical, can have an impact on physical development of a child. Data such as birth weight and length, also weight, height, BMI during admission to the hospital were collected from 195 patients’ medical histories from their hospitalization at Clinical Immunology and Paediatrics Ward of J. Gromkowski Hospital in Wrocław. Investigated groups included patients with PIDs, RRTI and a control group of healthy children. Our purpose was to evaluate the physical growth of children with PID and children with RRTI by assessment of their height and weight. All of parameters were evaluated using centile charts, suitable best for the Polish population.ResultsThe lowest mean birth weight and height was found among the PIDs patients group. Children with PIDs during hospitalization had statistically relevant lower mean weight than the control group and almost 18% of them had their height situated below 3rd percentile. The statistically relevant differences have been found between them and RRTI group in terms of weight, height and nutritional status. The statistically significant difference was detected between the nutritional status of PID and control group.ConclusionsThere is a higher percentage of PID patients with physical growth abnormalities in comparison to healthy children. Our findings indicate a need for further investigation of immune system irregularities and their influence on physical growth of children.
Highlights
Primary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient
Patients treated with immunoglobulin (PID Ig + therapy) were born with a little less mean birth weight and higher SD (SD = 805.47) than PID patients without therapy (PID Ig -therapy; mean 2893.6; SD = 672.25), but difference between these groups was not statistically relevant (p = 0,75). 26.92% (n = 14) of children with PID were born with weight under 2500 g, while in the respiratory tract infections (RRTI) group only 5.08% (n = 3, among 59 available data) and in the control group 2.86% (n = 2, among 70 available data) of children had the same low weight score
There was a significant statistical difference between PID group and RRTI group (p = 0,003), as well as between PID and control group (p = 0,000007). Such difference was not observed between RRTI group and control group (p = 0,167). 10 of 14 children, who where born with weight under 2500 g, were diagnosed with predominantly antibody deficiencies
Summary
Primary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient. There are patients suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI), that group doesn’t present any abnormalities in terms of conducted immunological tests. Many factors, including medical, can have an impact on physical development of a child. Data such as birth weight and length, weight, height, BMI during admission to the hospital were collected from 195 patients’ medical histories from their hospitalization at Clinical Immunology and Paediatrics Ward of J. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are uncommon, chronic and severe disorders of the immune system in which patients cannot mount a sufficiently protective immune response, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, as well as autoimmune or neoplastic diseases [1]. And accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure that the appropriate treatment is given and to minimise irreversible changes [5]
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