Assessment of Water Level Behaviour to Investigate the Hydrological Conditions of Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India Using GIS Technique

Abstract

Groundwater is a highly valuable resource. But, due to non-stop withdrawal and exploitation of groundwater resource to fulfil the human needs impose a major problem to rapidly decreasing groundwater resources of India. To understand the behaviour of groundwater resource, water level fluctuation assessment is an important feature. Therefore, water level measurement and analysis are essential for sustaining groundwater availability. Variation in water level is a consequence of the nature of hydrogeological and meteorological factors and their study helps to define the hydrogeological condition. Hydro-geologic factors influencing water level fluctuation in geomorphology, geological formations, soil types and elevation has been investigated in Bokaro district. In this paper water level of 30 observation wells in a typical fractured and weathered granitic environment of Bokaro district has been monitored. WLF for the different categories were ranked and plotted against the cumulative percentage of wells. Thematic contour map has been plotted for spatial variation of water level and comparative analysis of WLF for the study area. Further, Statistical study has been done to identify the relative impact of the different hydrometer logical and hydrogeological factors. On the basis of the analysis of these water level data, it has been observed that the water level fluctuation has influences of various hydrogeological factors.