Assessment of Various Substrates for Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivation in the Agro-Climatic Conditions of West Bengal

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different substrates on various stages of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation to optimize growth and yield. Study Design: A Completely Randomized Design with three replications for each treatment was employed to ensure statistical reliability. Duncan's multiple range tests were utilized at a significance level of 5% to evaluate differences between treatments. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Mushroom Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), located in Sriniketan, Birbhum district, West Bengal, throughout the year 2023. Methodology: Different substrates including lentil husks, rice straw, wheat straw, sawdust, and mustard pods were evaluated for their impact on spawn run completion, mycelial bump formation, and sporocarp formation durations. Each substrate's performance was assessed in terms of sporocarp production and biological efficiency. Results: Across the three strains (LE-01, LE-02, and LE-03), lentil husks consistently exhibited the shortest spawn run duration, averaging 34.59 to 37.00 days. Following closely, wheat straw displayed favorable performance with durations ranging from 39.20 to 41.23 days. Sawdust also proved efficient, albeit slightly longer than lentil husks and wheat straw. Conversely, maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse exhibited longer spawn run durations, averaging from 57.80 to 64.90 days. For mycelial bump formation, lentil husks again showed the shortest duration, averaging 42.67 to 45.77 days across the strains. Wheat straw followed suit with durations ranging from 48.93 to 50.20 days, while sawdust demonstrated favorable times albeit slightly longer. Conversely, maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse exhibited longer mycelial bump formation times, ranging from 68.11 to 74.40 days. For sporocarp formation, lentil husks and sawdust emerged as top performers with the shortest durations, averaging 76.66 to 81.52 days. Conversely, maize cobs exhibited the longest sporocarp formation time, averaging 97.43 days. In terms of sporocarp yield, rice straw yielded the highest, averaging 27.67 sporocarps per bag, followed by wheat straw with 24.33 sporocarps per bag. Lentil husks, while efficient in other aspects, produced an average of 21.78 sporocarps per bag, trailing slightly behind rice straw and wheat straw. Regarding yield and biological efficiency, sawdust displayed superior performance, yielding an average of 384.57 grams per 750 grams of substrate with a biological efficiency of 51.18%. Lentil husks and rice straw exhibited comparable performance in yield and biological efficiency, with lentil husks yielding 367.81 grams and rice straw yielding 333.09 grams per 750 grams of substrate, both with biological efficiencies around 47-48%. Conversely, mustard pods exhibited the lowest yield and biological efficiency, averaging 269.02 grams per 750 grams of substrate with a biological efficiency of 35.91%. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of substrate selection in optimizing various stages of L. edodes cultivation. Lentil husks emerged as a promising substrate choice for rapid mycelial growth, but its sporocarp production lagged behind other substrates. Sawdust proved to be the top-performing substrate in terms of yield and biological efficiency, indicating its efficacy in supporting robust mushroom growth.