Abstract
An exponential increase in the global population has seriously put pressure on land and water resources. It is projected that 33% of the worldwide people will be highly water-stressed by the 2050s if effective strategies are not developed. The study assessed urban domestic water demand and supply in Edo North senatorial district in Edo State, Nigeria. This is with the view of exploring some critical water resource variables to determine water security, distribution, and accessibility of safe drinking water in Edo North in Edo State in Nigeria. Integrated Water Resource Management Tools (IWRT) such as Water Poverty Index (WPI) and Water Accessibility Indicator (WAI) was applied. The results show that Auchi is highly water-stressed at the Estako-west area with MPI and WAI values of 0.24 and 0.33. Conversely, Okpella and Agenebode in Eskako central have MPI and WAI values 0.34 and 0.31, and 0.31 and 0.32. Sabo Gida Ora and Isobe in Owan East and West have better safe drinking water coverage and accessibility with the indicator values of 0.54, 0.53 [WPI], and 0.61 and 0.59 [WAI]. It is generally observed that the supply of potable water in the Edo North is highly unsecured and unsustainable to meet the current and future demand. Valuable and economic time is wasted to gather water from an average closest distance of 1.3 km from home to some designated water taps. In conclusion, it is imperative to design a robust integrated water policy that should include Private-Public-Partnership (PPP) to invest in the provision of safe drinking water.
Highlights
Water is unarguably one of the most important resource to man
The Central Bank of Nigeria CBN (2004) reported that 51% and 41% of Nigerians are women and children respectively. This suggests that a greater percentage of the population of Nigeria remain vulnerable to water related health issues
Having noticed that accessibility and affordability of safe drinking water is moving out of reach in Edo North, Nigeria, this study investigates the coverage of the safe drinking water in response to the growing population using integrated water resource indicators such as Water Accessibility Indicator (WAI) and Water Poverty Index (WPI)
Summary
Water is unarguably one of the most important resource to man. It’s importance to the existence of man and life in its entirety cannot be overemphasized. According to Adedayo and Ifabiyi [4], the case of accessibility to potable water supply is that of fundamental human right The quantity of this water resource that is needed for various levels of domestic use is regarded as “domestic water demand.”. This suggests that a greater percentage of the population of Nigeria remain vulnerable to water related health issues This is supported by the report of Annad[11] which opined that despite the fact that water crisis is seen to be a general problem embattling developing nations, the greatest burden is born by women who by the reason of their social gendered roles which includes collecting water needed for the sustenance of the household.
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