Assessment of Treatment from the National Laboratory of Cholera Patients in Benin: Retro-Prospective and Prospective Study

Bawa Boya,Théodora A Ahoyo,Odilon Nonfodji,Victorien T Dougnon,Haziz Sina,Adolphe Adjanohoun,Wassiyath Moussé,Lamine Baba-Moussa

doi:10.4236/aim.2020.109033

Abstract

Cholera is reemerging as an infectious disease with an increase in its overall incidence in Africa since 2008. To analyze the epidemiological aspects of the cholera outbreak in endemic areas in Benin, the study is a retrospective investigation on 2560 data of cholera patients received in health facilities from 2012 to 2016 in Benin. Besides, a prospective study was conducted. This prospective study includes 513 person (health professionals, community workers and people exposed to cholera) of five different areas of the country. It was conducted from April 10 to May 10, 2017. A survey was conducted over 513 in order to collect data on cholera symptoms, hygiene guidelines suggested by the respondents, excreta disposal, drinking water, household waste management and direct observation. Software R 3.4.0 was used for simple correspondence factor analysis (CFA). From 2012 to 2016, 16.48% of samples were taken and 48.34% were positive for Vibrio cholera O1, El Tor biotype, Ogawa serotypes. The Littoral area is leading in the number of cases (33.83%) followed by Atlantic (23.75%), Ouémé (16.79%) and Colline (8.91%). The survey revealed that the exposed populations are unaware of the symptoms of cholera and do not perceive the quality of drinking water as a strong guidance in the prevention of cholera. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents (86%) are aware for the best times to wash their hands and know that they need to go to hospital in case of symptoms. Our study highlights the persistence of vulnerability factors to cholera in the targeted population, despite a good knowledge of prevention rules among staff and the population.

Highlights

Cholera is an acute diarrheal bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Vibrio cholerae, which produces a toxin responsible for the symptoms associated with the disease
The study took into account the endemic zones that have concentrated more than 80% of cholera cases in Benin in five years according to the epidemiological
The population concerned by the care of cholera patients in Benin is the population admitted to cholera treatment centers during the 2012-2016 cholera epidemic present in endemic areas

Summary

Introduction

Cholera is an acute diarrheal bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Vibrio cholerae, which produces a toxin responsible for the symptoms associated with the disease. More than 200 serogroups of Vibrio cholerae have been identified, but only two of them, O1 and O139, are associated with clinical cholera syndrome capable of producing large epidemics. It is endemic in the humid tropics of Africa and Asia and epidemic in some Latin American countries as well as in dry areas [1]. Africa is the most affected continent: reported cases represent between 95% and 99% of the world total each year [1] This disease is due to uncleanliness and poor hygiene conditions occurring in communities with low living standards [2]. Surveillance and response are part of the strategy to control diseases with epidemic potential, including cholera proposed by WHO to affected countries [3]

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