Assessment of Toxicity, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Cytoprotective Potential of the Phytosaponin in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in-depth toxicity assessment of pro-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity of phytosaponin. Saponin was isolated from methanolic extract of fruits of Momordica dioica and purification was achieved through the fractionation method of TLC. Toxicities were done as per OECD guidelines viz. In vivo micronucleus test 474 In vitro micronucleus test 487 In vitro chromosomal aberration test 473 in Neuroblastoma cells NB41A3 lines and Ames test 471. Saponin Momordica dioica was screened for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz. IL-1beta IL-6 and TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA against high glucose-induced cytoprotective activity like iNOS determined by western blot of against STZ-induced beta cell destruction in pancreatic isolated islets of rat. It was found that phytosaponin does not possess significant toxicities. Isolated pancreatic islet cells treated with high glucose produced pro-inflammatory cytokines which were reduced upon treatment with phytosaponin as compared to the high glucose control group. In similarly mediator of inflammation like iNOS was assessed and analysis showed SMD inhibited moderately in STZ stimulated pancreatic islet cells. The results concluded that phytosaponin possesses moderate to good cytoprotective nature and proves itself to be a potential candidate against diabetes