Assessment of Time-Volume and Flow-Volume Components of Forced Vital Capacity: Measurement with Spirometry, Body Plethysmography and Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography in Nonsmokers and Smokers

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of the time-volume and flow-volume components of the forced vital capacity measured by simultaneous spirometry, respiratory inductive plethysmography, and body plethysmography in detecting small airway disease. Spirometry measured the exit of gas from the lungs, whereas body plethysmography measured both the exit of gas and alveolar gas compression. Respiratory inductive plethysmography, which reflected change in thoracic volume, provided semi-quantitative data f both gas exit and alveolar gas compression which generally lay between spirometry and body plethysmography. In nine nonsmokers and 12 smokers (six with small airway disease as defined by abnormal closing volumes and alveolar uniformity), analysis of forced vital capacity revealed that the only test which differentiated nonsmokers from smokers was the higher spirometric estimation of maximum expiratory flow measured at 25 percent VC in nonsmokers. Combining flow measure at the mouth with volume referenced to change in alveolar gas volume as measured by body or respiratory inductive plethysmography did not differentiate nonsmokers from smokers. Moment analysis performed of forced vital capacity with all of the three devices did not distinguish nonsmokers from smokers. The data in this study and a review of other investigations indicate that the time-volume and flow-volume components of the forced vital capacity on air breathing are not very sensitive in detecting early lung disease in smokers.