Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunctions are the two most common endocrine disorders to come across in any clinical practice. Both thyroid hormones and insulin act antagonistically in metabolic pathways or cycles of cells. The aim of our study is to look for thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 DM and its correlation with insulin resistance (IR).A cross-sectional study was carried out among 325 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and insulin were measured in fasting serum sample. 325 study subjects majority 50.8% (165) belongs to age group 41-50 years followed by 28.3%(92) belongs to age group 51 -60 years while least subjects 0.9%(3) belongs to age group more than 80 years. 325 study subjects majority 58.5 %( 190) were female while rest 41.5% (153) were male. Subjects maximum 165(50.8%) have TSH level <4.60 micro IU/ml followed by 154 (47.9%) study subjects who have TSH level between 4.66-10microIU/ml and only 6 participants have TSH level more then 10microIU/The relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders is characterized by a complex interdependent interaction. Unidentified thyroid dysfunction could negatively impact diabetes and its complications and may be one of the prime causes of poor management of type 2 DM. Therefore, there is a need for routine assay of thyroid hormones in type 2 diabetic patients to improve the medical management as well as to reduce the morbidity in them.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common endocrine diseases to be recognized in clinical practice
The study showed that the serum T3 and serum T4 levels were decreased, and serum Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were increased in type 2 diabetics without any complications and type 2 diabetics with nephropathy when compared to controls
Presence of hypothyroidism among diabetics when compared to controls has been documented by Saha et al, In diabetes mellitus, there is the influence of endocrine and non-endocrine organs other than pancreas
Summary
Type 2 diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common endocrine diseases to be recognized in clinical practice. There is derangement of metabolism, especially the carbohydrate in both the conditions that are in thyroid disorders and type 2 DM. Thyroid hormones and insulin both are involved in cellular metabolism antagonistically. Interest has been raised for the influence of thyroid hormone action on insulin levels. Conflicting data are available on influence of insulin levels on thyroid dysfunction. 4. Various studies have reported different prevalence rates of thyroid hormone disorders in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorder, with hypothyroidism being the most common disorder. Unidentified thyroid dysfunction may alter the metabolic controls in patients with diabetes and may exaggerate already existing cardiovascular risk. Recognition and treatment of thyroid disorder in patients with diabetes may benefit glycemic control, attenuate cardiovascular risk, and improve general well-being. Recognition and treatment of thyroid disorder in patients with diabetes may benefit glycemic control, attenuate cardiovascular risk, and improve general well-being. 5
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