Abstract

Cefapirin (CEP) and cefalonium (CNM) are first-generation cephalosporins widely used to treat bovine mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci. However, disks for susceptibility testing of those drugs in causative bacteria are not available. This study evaluated the efficacy of 10 µg and 30 µg pilot disks of CEP (CEP10 and CEP30) and CNM (CNM10 and CNM30) against 130 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. Scattergrams of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zone diameters (ZDs) illustrated significant correlations between the MICs and ZDs of CEP10 (r = −0.912), CEP30 (r = −0.933), CNM10 (r = −0.847), and CNM30 (r = −0.807). The analysis by Normalized Resistance Interpretation indicated that the epidemiolocal cut-off value (ECV) of MIC for both cefapirin and cefalonium is ≤ 0.5 µg/mL, and the ECV of ZD for CEP10, CEP30, CNM10, and CNM30 were ≥ 22 mm, ≥ 25 mm, ≥ 22 mm, and ≥ 29 mm, respectively. We believe that both 10 μg and 30 μg CEP and CNM susceptibility disks will be helpful for guiding the appropriate use of these antibiotics for bovine mastitis. Further studies toward the establishment of clinical breakpoint of CEP and CNM would be needed for their routine use.

Highlights

  • Bovine mastitis is a common disease of dairy cows worldwide, causing decreased milk production, increased of veterinary care cost, and increased culling [1,2]

  • This study evaluated the usefulness of 10 μg and 30 μg containing disks of cefapirin (CEP10 and CEP30, respectively) and cefalonium (CNM10 and CNM30, respectively), together with cefazolin disk (CEZ30), for susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis

  • Cefapirin and cefalonium susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis resulted in scattergrams showing that the zone diameters (ZDs) of both 10 μg and 30 μg disks of the two drugs were significantly correlated with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each tested antibiotic

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Summary

Introduction

Bovine mastitis is a common disease of dairy cows worldwide, causing decreased milk production, increased of veterinary care cost, and increased culling [1,2]. Antimicrobials are the primary treatment of bovine mastitis, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics have been associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance and the entrance of resistant bacteria into the food chain [6,7]. Against this background, it is strongly recommended that the choice of the antimicrobial drugs used to bovine mastitis should be based on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative staphylococcal strain [8]. Cefapirin and cefalonium are first-generation cephalosporins that are widely used to treat bovine mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci [9,10,11,12]. Test tools that can quickly and detect cefapirin and cefalonium resistant bovine mastitis infections are essential

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