Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the yield of cones and the quality of six hop varieties (“Iunga”, “Lubelski”, “Sybilla”, “Magnum”, “Lomik”, “Marynka”) in terms of their suitability for beer production, under the conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region (21°53′ E; 51°16′ N) (2015–2017). The scope of the research included the determination of the yield of cones and their physicochemical properties, as well as determination of the contents of hop resins and essential oils. In bitter varieties, the ratio of alpha-acids to beta-acids was stable, while, in aromatic varieties, it was variable. In the essential oils of the studied hop varieties, compounds with myrcene and α-humulene were identified and dominated the profiles. “Iunga”, “Sybilla”, “Lubelski”, and “Lomik” were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly myrcene, while there was a bit more α-humulene in the “Marynka” variety. “Magnum” was characterized by an even distribution of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The “Magnum variety turned out the most useful for the brewing industry in this region. The Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region is a region where hops not only achieve a high yield of cones, but also good-quality. The bitterness and aroma content of the hops in this region is high.
Highlights
IntroductionHops (Humulus lupulus L.), from the Cannabaceae family, is a perennial, wind-pollinated, dioecious plant
McKinnon et al [43] think that the impact of weather fluctuations on the production of hop alpha-acids is significant and linked with the stages of development of the plants, the dates of which vary each year slightly due to naturally occurring changes in climate
The conducted research proved that the weather conditions primarily determine the yield and quality of hop cones
Summary
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.), from the Cannabaceae family, is a perennial, wind-pollinated, dioecious plant. This plant species grows spontaneously in nature in temperate climate zones, between latitudes of 35◦ N and 55◦ N [1,2]. A fully developed plant has several main roots (8–10). Plants of this species are characterized by a strongly developed above-ground part and a strong root system. The root of H. lupulus has shortened, perennial stems that grow 12–15 cm deep into the soil. Female and male flowers appear on separate plants. Male and female plants are morphologically identical and are best distinguished in the flowering phase. Male flowers are 5–6 mm in diameter and are arranged in paniculate, highly branched inflorescences
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