Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare 10 winter triticale varieties according to their traits useful for cultivation in organic farming. The study was carried out in the years 2014–2017 in the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute in Pulawy (Poland). The highest-yielding varieties under organic conditions were Pizarro and Subito. Borowik cultivar showed the highest competitive ability against weeds. The highest number of weeds was found in the Leontyno cultivar, which was connected to the lowest plant density, the lowest weight of the above-ground parts of the canopy and smaller value of tillering coefficient. The most affected by the fungal pathogens Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem. and Puccinia striiformis Schwein. were Fredro and Algoso. Cluster analyses indicated that the most useful cultivars for cultivation in the organic system were: Borowik, Subito, and Tomko, which all showed higher yielding potential, bigger competitiveness against weeds, and average resistance against fungal pathogens. Pizarro, Tulus, and Twingo, which showed high resistance to fungal pathogens with lower competitiveness to weeds, were classified to the second group of usefulness. The least useful for the organic system were: Algoso, Fredro, Grenado, and Leontyno.
Highlights
IntroductionThe area of this cereal in the world is about 3.5 million hectares [2]
Ten winter triticale cultivars included in the Common Catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species [4] that differed in their features were cultivated: Algoso, Borowik, Fredro, Grenado, Leontyno, Pizarro, Subito, Tomko, Tulus, Twingo
The level of weed infestation of the triticale cultivars depended on the morphological traits of the cultivars and the structure of the canopy
Summary
The area of this cereal in the world is about 3.5 million hectares [2]. In Poland in 2018 triticale was cultivated on the area of 1 million. 188 thousand ha, 93% of which was taken by winter triticale [3]. There are 334 triticale varieties in the EU Common Catalogue [4]. The Polish National Register of Cultivars kept by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) includes 63 cultivars of triticale in total, including 47 cultivars of winter triticale and 16 cultivars of spring triticale [5]. According to Łysoń and Biel [6], Polish triticale cultivars are among the most efficient in the world and occupy 70–80% of the world’s triticale cultivation area
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