Abstract
For many years of industrial development of the Ural region, the mining industry remains one of the main components of the economy, the development of which is accompanied by large-scale environmental pollution and the accumulation of a significant amount of man-made waste with a high potential for negative impact. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the accumulation of heavy metals by L. sativum L. plants, in order to develop the principles of the formation of artificial biogeochemical barriers. As part of the research on the territory of the enterprise leading the development of the copper pyrite deposit, samples of dump waters were taken, which, in turn, were subjected to chemical analysis and a test to assess their phytotoxic (in the absence of a substrate) potential for seed germination and root growth in a model of L. sativum L. The samples were diluted in distilled water to obtain 8 different concentrations (1:80, 1:60, 1:40, 1:20, 1:10, 1: 5, 1: 2, 1: 1), and the effect of waste water without dilution with water, and distilled water was used as a control. In addition, the total amount of metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co and Zn) was determined. The data obtained demonstrated the phytotoxicity of the dump waters, a decrease in root growth in solutions with concentrations of 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 5, 1:10 and 1:20 was noted, it was shown that these biological objects have accumulating properties with respect to a number of heavy metals.
Highlights
The progressive degradation of the natural environment of the Urals remains a serious problem at the present time, despite the fact that at the present stage of development of the mineral resource complex, the environmental factor is gradually becoming one of the main constraints in the selection and assessment of technical and technological solutions [1,2]
In connection with the above, the issues of studying the processes that determine the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in technogenically contaminated ecosystems in the regions where enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex operate, the use of biotechnological methods of soil detoxification using battery plants is a very urgent problem, the solution of which makes it possible to establish relationships between the mobility of chemical elements in technogenic soils and technogenically contaminated soils, as well as their accumulation by plants-accumulators, providing a biologically specified level of impact, which in turn can become the basis for the formation of artificial biogeochemical barriers in order to develop methods of ecological rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems
Experimental studies have shown that, in L. sativum seeds that were exposed to the dump water formed during the mining of a copper pyrite deposit, poor germination and development of the root system was observed due to the deterioration of conditions for the absorption of water and other elements necessary for life by the plant
Summary
The progressive degradation of the natural environment of the Urals remains a serious problem at the present time, despite the fact that at the present stage of development of the mineral resource complex, the environmental factor is gradually becoming one of the main constraints in the selection and assessment of technical and technological solutions [1,2]. In natural ecosystems, during the formation of barriers, an important factor is the biological component, which determines the need to study the conditions for the formation of biogeochemical barriers for the purposes of environmental rehabilitation. In connection with the above, the issues of studying the processes that determine the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in technogenically contaminated ecosystems in the regions where enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex operate, the use of biotechnological methods of soil detoxification using battery plants is a very urgent problem, the solution of which makes it possible to establish relationships between the mobility of chemical elements in technogenic soils and technogenically contaminated soils, as well as their accumulation by plants-accumulators, providing a biologically specified level of impact, which in turn can become the basis for the formation of artificial biogeochemical barriers in order to develop methods of ecological rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems
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