Assessment of the risk of acute kidney injury associated with the use of pantoprazole and esomeprazole

Abstract

Many recent observational studies suggest that there is an association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and kidney disease, but no studies comparing the relative risk between PPIs have been conducted. Hence, we designed a study to evaluate the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with the use of pantoprazole and esomeprazole. This cross-sectional pilot study included 52 pantoprazole users, 51 esomeprazole users and 50 non-PPI users. Biochemical parameters, such as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were determined to estimate the risk of AKI. Relative to non-exposure to PPIs, the use of pantoprazole increased the risk of AKI, as did the use of esomeprazole. Serum magnesium values were inversely correlated with the NGAL levels in the pantoprazole and esomeprazole group, but not in the non-exposed group. Our study reveals that the use of pantoprazole and esomeprazole are both associated with an increased risk of AKI.