Abstract
Agricultural soils need monitoring systems to address pesticide risks for humans and the environment. The purpose of this paper was to obtain leaching risk maps of the pesticides imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos in agricultural soil under an onion (Allium cepa L.) crop in Tibasosa, Boyacá, Colombia. This was obtained by studying the soil types in the area, analyzing the behavior of pollutants in the soil profile, using a delay factor and an attenuation factor to finally include GIS allowing visualization of the areas of greater potential risk in the study area.
Highlights
Sustainable agriculture depends to a large extent on healthy soils [1]
This study shows that the application of leaching models is a valuable tool for the environmental management of agricultural soils
Various relevant findings were identified: (i) the mobility and risk of leaching was dependent on the physicochemical properties of the soil horizons, (ii) imidacloprid would be a target contaminant in soil management under onion plantations in Colombia, and (iii) risk maps are helpful to observe the behavior of pesticide leaching in soil profiles
Summary
Sustainable agriculture depends to a large extent on healthy soils [1]. For this, more attention has gone towards monitoring pesticides in agricultural soils to determine potential environmental risks [2]. Pesticides have played an essential role in the green revolution by countering the attack of pests, which would otherwise reduce the quantity and quality of agricultural production, and have played an essential role in meeting the requirements of a rapidly growing population [3, 4]. The use of pesticides periodically deteriorates the situation, and repetitions for extended periods cause their accumulation in various environments due to their direct relationship, driving the ecosystem at risk due to its multiple toxicities [7]. The persistence of these chemicals in the environment is so frequent that their residues can remain in the soil and sediments for extensive periods after their supply to crops. After long periods of application times, the compounds could reach the water (surface and groundwater) through runoff and infiltration processes, reaching in some cases the food chain [3, 8]
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