Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been used worldwide, but its possible negative effects on macrophytes have been scarcely studied. The main goal of the present work was to assess the potential phytotoxic effects of CPF on different stages (seed and seedling) of the wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis. During the germination of seeds, stimulation of radicle growth at low concentrations of CPF (10µg/L) and inhibition of its elongation at 80µg/L CPF were observed. In seedlings, concentrations ≤ 160µg/L CPF did not exhibit adverse effects on growth after 7 days of exposure, despite the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and carotenoids observed at 40µg/L CPF compared to the control. Environmentally relevant concentrations of CPF altered neither oxidative stress biomarkers nor pigment contents in seedlings exposed for 48h, suggesting CPF would be non-toxic to B. laevis in natural scenarios.
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