Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a model of heat supply to buildings with almost zero energy consumption, indicating the significant importance of heat losses and gains in heating installations. The prepared model is to indicate the need for changes in the structure and topology of heating installations, resulting from the changing heat demand of buildings. The need to create a new model is heightened by changes that relate to tightening legal regulations related to energy consumption and demand, which must meet the standards of buildings in Poland from 2021. The article presents the assumptions and results of analyses of the use of energy installations in residential buildings that use renewable energy sources to balance energy consumption in various areas of its use. To achieve this goal, calculations were made using simulations of the impact of the use of installations using renewable energy sources on the energy performance of a building with different quality of partitions and improvement of energy efficiency in accordance with the Polish standard PN-EN 12831. The test results allow to choose the most advantageous, from the point of view of economic profitability, option of replacing installations in residential buildings, and they also allow to determine the possibilities of meeting national obligations in the field of final energy reduction and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in meeting its demand in accordance with the EU obligations imposed on Poland. Thermomodernization of buildings in the temperate climate zone allows for a reduction of 38% of energy demand over the entire life cycle of a building and a reduction of CO2 emissions by 99%.
Highlights
The electrification of heating systems in construction is becoming a necessity and an obligation under Polish law
Building warm buildings is in the interest of all countries, as experience so far has shown that reducing energy consumption to space heating is one of the cheapest ways to reduce its deficit
The prerequisite for the creation of the above-mentioned directive was the need for actions aimed at a significant reduction in energy consumption, reducing the Union’s energy dependence and the need to reduce energy consumption from non-renewable sources aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20%
Summary
The electrification of heating systems in construction is becoming a necessity and an obligation under Polish law This is the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the basic challenges of the modern world is to reduce energy consumption in residential construction. Innovative design and construction solutions are constantly being developed to increase the thermal insulation requirements of buildings, which will contribute to reducing energy consumption for their heating. The current construction law in Poland regulates the energy requirements for newly constructed buildings through the selection of appropriate building materials and compliance with construction requirements. Thanks to these regulations, the construction industry meets both legal, energy, and environmental requirements. While research on the reduction of CO2 emissions in transport has been widely conducted, and researchers propose a number of remedial solutions [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], buildings built before 2010 that do not meet energy efficiency requirements and that must undergo transformation remain a problem
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