Abstract
The paper presents the possibility of using an in-line mode flocculation–ultrafiltration system for the purification of backwash water from flushing the beds of pressure filters used in the indoor swimming pool water treatment circulation. The effect of flocculation operational conditions (the flocculant dose in the range from 16 to 240 mg/dm 3 and the process temperature of 8–30°C) on the transport-separation properties of ultrafiltration membranes has been examined. To establish the effectiveness of the conducted processes, the contaminant retention coefficients, among others, were determined (based on the measurements of turbidity and UV254 ultraviolet absorbance). A significant influence of the flocculation process operational parameters on the performance of ultrafiltration was noted. With increasing flocculant dose, the efficiency of contaminant removal in the ultrafiltration process increased simultaneously. Moreover, the change in the temperature conditions of the flocculation process had a fundamental effect on the transport properties of the ultrafiltration membranes. The most advantageous temperature for conducting the processes was considered to be 21°C. Under those conditions, all flocculant doses contributed to a significant improvement in the transport properties of the ultrafiltration membranes. High values of the contamination retention coefficients and the permeate volumetric flux were obtained already at a flocculant dose of 80,160 and 240 mg/dm 3 .
Highlights
The filtration process constitutes a basic element of water treatment systems in swimming pool facilities
Backwash water used in the tests was a stream of waste water from washing multilayered pressure filters constituting an element of an indoor swimming pool water treatment system
The obtained results confirm the high effectiveness of the ultrafiltration process in removing the suspension present in the backwash water tested and part of the contaminants determined by the UV254 ultraviolet absorbance measurements
Summary
The filtration process constitutes a basic element of water treatment systems in swimming pool facilities. In order to conduct the process in a correct manner, it is necessary to use 4–6 m3 of water per each m2, as a result of which a waste water stream, called backwash water, is formed. Tests on the use of membrane pressure ultrafiltration for backwash water purification are being presently conducted [7]. It has been determined, though, that the chemical compounds and suspension present in the backwash water intensify membrane pore clogging. An attempt was made to establish the operational parameters of the flocculation process (the flocculant dose and the process temperature), which contribute to an improvement in membrane transport–separation conditions, such as the permeate volumetric flow and the contaminant retention coefficient
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