Abstract
The basin of the Dnepr river (Ukraine) has more than 350 ponds for industrial waste water and sludge, which, in the absence of environmental protection measures, have a significant negative impact on the environment. The results of studies to determine the degree of the negative impact of ponds for industrial waste water and sludge on the water basin of the Dnepr river were given. It is revealed that the average annual concentrations of main pollutants exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations. The connection of pollution of the water basin with the flow of filtrates and surface flows from the territory of ponds for industrial waste water and sludges was defined. The migration path of filtrates with soluble compounds of heavy metals in soil was studied. The obtained data were used to develop the scheme of entry of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water into surface and ground waters, the volume of the pond for industrial waste water and sludge. The analysis of measures to improve the water quality in the Dnepr river in the area of location of one of the largest metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine – “Zaporizhstal” – was carried out. It is shown that to reduce the negative impact of waste water and sludges from the main processes of “Zaporizhstal” on the water basin of the Dnepr river, it is expedient to modernize the gas cleaning equipment of the sinter plant and hydrotechnical facilities of recirculating water supply cycle for wet gas cleaning of blast furnaces. The necessity of performing a set of research works for studying the properties of accumulated deposits of scale in the areas of its discharge into the sludge pond with the purpose of its further utilization is proven.
Highlights
The level of water pollution of such rivers as the Rhine, Danube, Elbe, gave the reason, in the twentieth century, to call them “gutters of Europe”
The largest storages of of industrial waste water (IWW) and sludge effluents are located in the middle stream of the Dnepr river in Dnipropetrovsk, Dneprodzerzhynsk and West Donbass industrial and economic areas, which are approximately 75 % of the total IWW effluents [11]
The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of the negative effect of IWW and sludge ponds on the water basin of the Dnepr river
Summary
The level of water pollution of such rivers as the Rhine, Danube, Elbe, gave the reason, in the twentieth century, to call them “gutters of Europe”. On 17 March, 1992, under the aegis of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, in Helsinki (Finland), the “Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes” (“Water Convention”) was adopted. This Convention serves as a mechanism for strengthening national measures and international cooperation aimed at achieving environmentally sound management and protection of transboundary surface and ground waters. It includes legislative norms for punishing and encouraging enterprises, which discharge industrial waste water (IWW) and sludge into rivers. Ukraine faces the problems, similar to the ones that were solved in the industrialized countries of Europe to improve the environmental conditions of their water basin
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