Assessment of the perinatal effects of maternal ingestion of Solanum malacoxylon in rats

Abstract

A perinatal study was performed to verify the toxic effects of Solanum malacoxylon, which contains a glycoside conjugated to Vitamin D 3. In the gestational study, female rats received S. malacoxylon leaves in the diet at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% from days 6 to 21 of pregnancy. At 21 days of gestation, blood samples were taken from the dams for evaluation of serum Ca and P. A laparotomy was performed and the rats were examined for standard parameters of reproductive performance. Fetuses were examined for skeletal changes and histopathologic evaluation. In the second trial, dams were fed diets containing 0 or 0.1% S. malacoxylon leaves during the gestation and lactation periods. After weaning, all animals were euthanized and biochemical and histopathologic evaluations were performed. The biochemical evaluation showed increase in Ca and P levels in females from all experimental groups; however, this effect did not occurred in a dose-related manner. Pups from dams exposed during gestation and lactationi also showed increased Ca and P levels. Fetal data suggested a delay of fetal development manifested by decreased body weight and skeletal alterations. There was also a reduction in live fetuses. Histopathologic study revealed alterations of the soft tissue in litters from dams given 1% dietary S. malacoxylon during pregnancy and 0.1% during pregnancy and lactation. These findings support our hypothesis that Vitamin D 3 glycoside crosses the placenta and suggests milk transfer of this substance.