Assessment of the Pattern of Substance Use and Quality of Sleep in Drug Naïve Patients: Depression vs. Mania, a Comparative Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Literature reveals that both substance use and sleep are interlinked, and even various aspects of substance use are relevant to sleep. Sleep disturbances are among the most common and consistent symptoms in patients with acute episodes of mood disorders. These psychiatric illnesses commonly co-occur with substance use disorders (SUDs), and the combination has adverse clinical consequences. Aim: To compare the pattern of substance use and quality of sleep in patients with depression and mania. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients (75 in each group) of either sex in the age group of 18-65 years visiting the psychiatry department who gave written informed consent were diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) for either mania or depression including recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder. The patients in each group were evaluated using WHO ASSIST version 3 for substance pattern and PSQI for quality of sleep. Results: The most common substance used was tobacco followed by alcohol in both groups with a significant P value of 0.01. When comparing WHO ASSIST grades, 62.7% of depression had low grades whereas 48% of patients with mania had a moderate grade, with a P value of 0.002 which is significant. There was a significant difference in the individual component of PSQI between the two groups and patients in mania had a higher score. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the pattern of substance use and mood disorder. In the study subjects, all the patients in both groups had poor sleep quality. Further substance use and quality of sleep are interrelated with both mood disorders.