Abstract
The oxidative desulfurization of five (5) model sulfur compounds and eleven (11) surrogate blends was investigated using the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-acetic acid (CH3COOH) system. Consequently, extractive desulfurization was carried out using conventional solvents. The model sulfur compounds, as well as the solvent, are present in petroleum middle distillates. The selection of the compounds was made so that they represent various kinds of sulfur compounds. The goal of this study was the implementation of a simple and economical oxidative and extractive system for the desulfurization of surrogate mixtures with an intermediate sulfur concentration 1% w/w, at the mild temperature of 70°C, and without the use of supplementary and assisting methods such as heterogeneous catalysis or ultrasound irradiation. The sulfur content was estimated using X-ray fluorescence. The progress of the oxidation reaction was monitored using liquid FT-IR. The solid sediments of the oxidation procedure were identified with solid-state FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Highlights
E ODS mechanism was introduced in 1966 by Heimlich and Wallace [23], according to the kinetic data acquired at 50–100°C, during the oxidation of white oil solutions of DBT by aqueous hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid solutions. e rate-determining step appeared to be the attack of a peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide dimer on the sulfur atom of DBT
Zannikos et al [24] studied the desulfurization of two straight-run gas oils with sulfur mass contents of 0.87% and 2.4% w/w using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid as an oxidative system. e oxidation process itself led to the removal of a substantial portion of the sulfur that was originally present, without any negative effects on the other properties of the fuel
Taking into consideration the abovementioned, the present study focuses on surrogate blends of sulfur concentration 1% w/w, which corresponds to a high sulfur gas oil. Both the selected model sulfur compounds and the hydrocarbon are representative of those contained in petroleum middle distillates. e efficiency of the hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid oxidative system was investigated under mild reaction temperature (70°C), in single, binary, ternary, and containing all five model sulfur compounds, model mixtures
Summary
E ODS mechanism was introduced in 1966 by Heimlich and Wallace [23], according to the kinetic data acquired at 50–100°C, during the oxidation of white oil solutions of DBT by aqueous hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid solutions. e rate-determining step appeared to be the attack of a peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide dimer on the sulfur atom of DBT. Zannikos et al [24] studied the desulfurization of two straight-run gas oils with sulfur mass contents of 0.87% and 2.4% w/w using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid as an oxidative system. E same oxidative and extractive system was studied in surrogate fuels with sulfur content 1%, at 50 and 70°C. e method was applied to eight different sulfur compounds and was significantly effective at 70°C reaction temperature [31]. Taking into consideration the abovementioned, the present study focuses on surrogate blends of sulfur concentration 1% w/w, which corresponds to a high sulfur gas oil Both the selected model sulfur compounds and the hydrocarbon are representative of those contained in petroleum middle distillates. E efficiency of the hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid oxidative system was investigated under mild reaction temperature (70°C), in single, binary, ternary, and containing all five model sulfur compounds, model mixtures. Hydrogen peroxide 30% w/v was purchased from PSR Panreac
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