Abstract
To optimise the culture conditions for human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) intended for clinical use, we investigated ten different properties of these cells cultured under 21% (atmospheric) and 5% (physiological normoxia) oxygen concentrations. The obtained results indicate that 5% O2 has beneficial effects on the proliferation rate, clonogenicity, and slowdown of senescence of hWJ-MSCs; however, the oxygen level did not have an influence on the cell morphology, immunophenotype, or neuroprotective effect of the hWJ-MSCs. Nonetheless, the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes was comparable under both oxygen conditions. However, spontaneous differentiation of hWJ-MSCs into neuronal lineages was observed and enhanced under atmospheric oxygen conditions. The cells relied more on mitochondrial respiration than glycolysis, regardless of the oxygen conditions. Based on these results, we can conclude that hWJ-MSCs could be effectively cultured and prepared under both oxygen conditions for cell-based therapy. However, the 5% oxygen level seemed to create a more balanced and appropriate environment for hWJ-MSCs.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools in regenerative therapy and other clinical applications
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly cultured under 21% O2 and 5% O2 were characterised by the typical morphology of MSCs (Figure 1A)
The hWJ-MSCs cultured under both analysed oxygen conditions were positive for mesenchymal markers, such as CD105, CD90, and CD73, and negative for haematopoietic markers, such as CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (Figure 1B)
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools in regenerative therapy and other clinical applications. According to the position statement of the International Society for Cellular Therapy [1], MSCs are characterised by (1) adherence to plastic under standard culture conditions; (2) expression of the surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 in the absence of CD11b or CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, CD79a, and HLA-DR; and (3) the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. The most common sources of mesenchymal stem cells used for clinical application are bone marrow and adipogenic tissue, which have some limitations [7,8,9,10,11]. The proliferation ability and differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) decrease with age [12,13]
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