Abstract
Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most commonly neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease which occurs to nearly 1% of the population > 50 years old. Inflammatory and bone biomarkers have both become valuable tools for PD diagnosis and prognosis. However, no studies have examined these markers in Saudi patients diagnosed with PD. Objectives. To assess the biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines from blood with PD in serum. Methods. In our study, we included 26 patients with PD and 24 controls. Blood samples were withdrawn from subjects with PD and their matched controls. Biomarkers multiplex assay from Milliplex was used to assess the levels of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and PTH (parathyroid hormone). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package, GraphPad Prism. Results. We found that IL-1ß cytokine is significantly higher in patients with PD (p value = 0.0014). However, there are no statistically significant variances found among the two studied groups with regard to the IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines levels. We also found that levels of PTH are decreased in the PD subjects than the age-matched controls (p value= 0.003). Also, the bone matrix glycoproteins, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), are significantly upregulated (p value= 0.04 for OPG and p value= 0.003 for OPN), as compared to the controls. Conclusions. Our findings are reliable with the possibility that inflammatory and bone markers can be used as biomarkers in PD prognosis. However, to clarify the natural role and consequence of these markers in PD pathology, further larger cohort studies are needed.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, multifaceted disorder known as the second most commonly neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer’s disease
In comparison to the controls, IL-1ß cytokines were significantly higher in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (p value = 0.0014), (Figure 1)
The interpretation of the findings of this study should take into account many limitations, such as medications used by PD patients, disease severity, and small sample size
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, multifaceted disorder known as the second most commonly neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most commonly neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease which occurs to nearly 1% of the population > 50 years old. We included 26 patients with PD and 24 controls. There are no statistically significant variances found among the two studied groups with regard to the IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines levels. We found that levels of PTH are decreased in the PD subjects than the age-matched controls (p value= 0.003). The bone matrix glycoproteins, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), are significantly upregulated (p value= 0.04 for OPG and p value= 0.003 for OPN), as compared to the controls. To clarify the natural role and consequence of these markers in PD pathology, further larger cohort studies are needed
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