Abstract
The article is devoted to the question of the influence of various agro-technological methods on the development of diseases, pests, as well as on the lodging of spring wheat. Over the years of research (2019–2020) on spring wheat crops, the effect of calculated doses of fertilizers at different rates of sowing seeds on plant damage by latent pests and leaf rust damage, as well as the resistance of spring wheat plants to lodging was studied. On the basis of the results obtained, it was possible to establish that at strongly reduced seeding rates, regardless of the nutritional background, the number of damaged plants by the fruit fly, as well as damage by leaf rust, increased sharply. At the same time, excessive thickening of crops did not contribute to a significant further decrease in damage and susceptibility, as well as to lodging of plants.
Highlights
The sown area of spring wheat in the Predkamye zone of the Republic of Tatarstan occupies more than 100 thousand hectares
The results of our research showed that, on average, for 2 years on all nutrition backgrounds, a change in the seeding rate of spring wheat had an effect on field germination
This definition was carried out twice: in the phase of milk ripeness of grain and immediately before harvesting. In both years of research, an increase in lodging of plants was observed under the influence of applied doses of mineral fertilizers, especially on thickened crops with a seeding rate of 7 million viable seeds per hectare (Table 5)
Summary
The sown area of spring wheat in the Predkamye zone of the Republic of Tatarstan occupies more than 100 thousand hectares. Numerous experimental studies carried out on the reasons for the lodging of spring spike crops made it possible to establish their diversity: this is an incorrect one-sided nitrogen nutrition, in case of violation of the optimal plant density per unit area, as a result of which the light regime deteriorates, etc. Under such conditions, a very weak root system develops, the stems stretch out and become less durable, which leads to lodging of plants [7; 8]. The harvesting of the experimental plots was carried out with a SAMPO-500 combine
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