Abstract
In this study, 23 factorial design of experiment was employed to evaluate the effect of parameters of hot fluid inlet temperature, graphene nanofluid concentration and hot fluid flow rate on thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid. The levels of hot fluid inlet temperature are kept at 35°C and 85°C, nanofluid concentration is kept at 0.1 and 1.0 volume% (vol.%) and the hot fluid flow rate are kept at 2 lpm and 10 lpm. Experiments were conducted with 16 runs as per MINITAB design software using graphene/water nanofluids in the corrugated plate type heat exchanger. The nanofluid thermal conductivity was determined using the mixing rule for different nanofluid concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0%. Normal, Pareto, Residual, Main and Interaction effects, Contour Plots were drawn. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of test results depict that the hot fluid temperature and nanofluid concentration have significant effect on the thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid (response variable).
Highlights
Heat transfer plays an important role in the processing of various products influencing cost, rate of production and product quality
Normal Plot, Pareto Chart, Residual Plots, Main Effects and Interaction Plots, Contour Plots were drawn with thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluids as a response factor
In this research, thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid was examined by 23 factorial design by using MINITAB software
Summary
Heat transfer plays an important role in the processing of various products influencing cost, rate of production and product quality. Zamzamian et al [2] investigated the heat transfer performance of Al2O3/ethylene glycol and CuO/ethylene glycol nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger and described that, the heat transfer coefficient increased with temperature and vol % of nanoparticles. Haghshenas et al [3] examined the plate and concentric tube heat exchangers by using ZnO/water nanofluids as the hot stream at a constant mass flow rate, and concluded that the heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids were much higher than those of the distilled water. The results showed an enhancement in the thermal conductivity of 37.2% for 0.15% volume concentration of graphene at 50 °C when compared with that of the water at the same temperature. This paper highlights application of the principles of 23 factorial design with consideration of the factors hot fluid inlet temperature, graphene nanofluid concentration and hot fluid flow rate on thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid. Rota meter was used to measure and control the flow rates
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