Abstract
The paper describes the possibilities of simple and effective modification of calcium sorbents used for flue gas desulfurization with a size between of 125–250 µm. The additives to the sorbents in the amount of 0.5% and 1.0% were inorganic sodium and lithium compounds. The research on the reactivity of sorbents was analyzed in the process of simultaneous calcination and sulfation at the temperature of 850 °C. The type of Na+ or Li+ cations and the inorganic salt anions have an influence on the modification of calcium sorbents in order to improve the efficiency of the calcination and sulfation process. Modification of calcium sorbents by adding inorganic sodium and lithium compounds, regardless of the amount, changes the reactivity coefficient RI [mol/mol] and the absolute sorption coefficient CI [g S/kg sorbent]. In the case of inorganic sodium salt (Additive 1), regardless of the amount of modifier added, there was a visible improvement in the reactivity of the sorbent: 1.0% of the additive caused an increase in the RI coefficient in relation to the raw sorbent by over 14%, and in the case of the CI coefficient by over 24%. Additional research was the analysis of the limestone behavior mechanism during the simultaneous calcination and sulfation (SCS) process under conditions of elevated temperature and with variable CO2 and O2 contents in the flue gas. The behavior of sorbents with a size distribution of 125–250 µm was assessed on the basis of the change in mass of the samples by determining the reactivity coefficient RI, [mol/mol] and the absolute sorption coefficient CI, [g S/kg sorbent]. Using the mercury porosimetry technique, the change in sorbent porosity in the subsequent stages of the simultaneous calcination and sulfation process was investigated. The process was carried out in the temperature range corresponding to the oxy-combustion (i.e., from 850 °C to 1000 °C).
Highlights
As a member of the EU, Poland must comply with the laws in force in the member states
Taking into account the important role of sorbents in the process of exhaust gas purification, research on the use of new sorbents or their modification is constantly carried out. These activities are leading to desulfurization products being obtained with better possibilities for their safe storage and a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions so that they meet the standards on emissions industrial—the IED (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) [2]
Sorbents used for flue gas desulfurization differ in their reactivity, which is their efficiency in binding SO2 [13,14]
Summary
As a member of the EU, Poland must comply with the laws in force in the member states. Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 introduced new restrictive SO2, NOx, and dust emission standards, with particular emphasis on fired sources of carbon [2]. Taking into account the important role of sorbents in the process of exhaust gas purification, research on the use of new sorbents or their modification is constantly carried out. As a result, these activities are leading to desulfurization products being obtained with better possibilities for their safe storage and a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions so that they meet the standards on emissions industrial—the IED (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) [2].
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