Abstract
One hundred cases of histologically proven invasive ductal carcinomas were histologically graded based on modified Bloom and Richardson Grading. Out of these 17 cases each of low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade invasive ductal carcinomas were selected for Immunostaining using the monoclonal antibodies Cyclin D1,pP53 and Her2/neu. It was found that for all three monoclonal antibodies the lowest histological grade of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast showed the lowest positivity with Cyclin D1 ( 11.76%) and p53 ( 17.64%) and Her2/neu ( 47.05%). The intermediate grade tumour showed ( 70.58% ) positivity with Cyclin D1 and 58.58 % in p53 and Her2/neu. The high grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast showed the highest positivity of Cyclin D1 (76.47%) , p53 (88.24% ) ,Her2/neu ( 94.12% ); These suggest that Cyclin D1 , P53 and Her2/neuimmunoexpression positivity increases with rising histological grades of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting females
The percentage of Cyclin D1 only was positive in 2 cases (11.76)%. p53 immunoexpression was positive in 3 cases (17.69)% and Her2/neu Immunoexpression was positive in 7 cases (47.05% )
Out of 17 cases of high grade invasive ductal carcinoma all these immunohistological markers Cyclin D1, P53 and Her2/neuImmunoexpression were positive in 12 cases, 1 case showed positive for Cyclin D1 and p53, and 4 cases were positive for P53 and Her2/neu, Cyclin D1, P53 and Her2/neuImmunoexpression were negative in 2 cases respectively
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting females. Cell cycle mediators in breast carcinogenesis is currently well established. Deregulation of crucial genes that control cell cycle checkpoints has been noted in various breast carcinomas.[1] Dysfunction or loss of these genes can mediate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Of note, elevated levels of cyclin D1 protein have been associated with poor prognosis, whilst overexpression of cyclin D1 has been more commonly found in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer cases.[3] There are aspects in this protein network, in various breast cancer subtypes, that have not been fully understood. The mechanism of growth inhibition and differentiation via HER2 receptor activation has been suggested to involve p53, and HER2 overexpression in breast cancer, associated with increased proliferation, is frequently found in tumors with p53 alterations. Age group (Years) 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-80 Site Left Right Types
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