Abstract
Carbon steel is used in various applications because of its excellent weldability, good mechanical resistance and low cost. However, its application becomes restricted due to its low corrosion resistance in neutral and acidic media, and it is necessary to use processes to retard the corrosive mechanism, such as the use of inhibitors. Many of the effective synthetic inhibitors used are associated with high cost and some have a high toxicity. In recent years, studies of corrosion inhibitors obtained from natural products have been increasing because they are environmentally sustainable and presents low-cost. Therefore, in the present study, different concentrations of the cocoa shell powder (Theobroma cacao) and hydroalcoholic extract were evaluated as a corrosion inhibitors of SAE 1008 carbon steel in 0.5 mol.L-1 sodium chloride solution. The inhibitory action of the cocoa residue was studied through gravimetric technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For the chemical characterization of the inhibitor, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. The EIS results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the steel decreased with the inhibitor concentration, reaching maximum values of 55.97% and 72.93%, for cocoa shell powder and hydroalcoholic extract, respectively. The gravimetric data confirmed the electrochemical results and through the study of the adsorption mechanism it was verified that the adsorbed inhibitor molecules follow the Flory-Huggins isotherm model, for both forms of the inhibitor. For all the concentrations evaluated, the cocoa shell powder did not represent an efficient corrosion inhibitor. In contrast, for the hydroalcoholic extract, at the concentration of 0.44 g.L-1, a good performance was verified as a corrosion inhibitor of SAE 1008 carbon steel in 0.5 mol.L-1 sodium chloride solution.
Highlights
Carbon steel is widely used in daily life and it has applications in the construction of structures and equipment due to its low temperability, excellent weldability, good mechanical resistance and low cost [1]
Many of the synthetic inhibitors used in industrial systems have good anti-corrosion properties, but they present toxicity and high costs
The cocoa shell powder retained in the sieves prior to 170 mesh (24, 48, 66 and 115 mesh) were used to obtain the hydroalcoholic extract
Summary
Carbon steel is widely used in daily life and it has applications in the construction of structures and equipment due to its low temperability, excellent weldability, good mechanical resistance and low cost [1] Despite these qualities, carbon steel has low corrosion resistance, and processes are needed to provide greater protection against corrosion, such as the use of inhibitors [2]. Corrosion inhibitors are substances or a mixture of substances, which when added in small concentrations to corrosive media, are capable of minimizing the reaction of the metal with the medium They are able to combat the corrosion process in metals due to the adsorption phenomenon of the ions and organic molecules (especially organic compounds with nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen) on the metal surface, forming a protective layer that promotes the reduction of the reactions between the corrosive medium and the material [3, 4]. The toxicity can manifest itself during the synthesis of the compound or during its application
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