Abstract
Pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a serious environmental problem for almost all countries of the world. The toxic and mutagenic activity of samples of natural water and water extracts of soils collected near the storage sites of old and prohibited pesticides located in the villages of Kyzylkairat, Amangeldy, Beskainar, Belbulak, Enbekshi. Territories of comparison Basshi village (Altyn Emel National Park) and near farmland, where pesticides were used in the past (Taukaraturk village, Almaty region) was investigated. Allium cepa L. was used as a biological test system. The mitotic activity and the frequency of disturbances at different stages of mitosis in onion root meristem were evaluated. Chemical analysis showed that in all soil samples the total content of 24 POPsPesticides exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). It was established that the level of mitotic activity of Allium cepa cells in all samples was slightly reduced compared with the control. In soil samples, the frequency of micronuclei in interphase cells (0.22-3.25%) is higher than in water samples (0.36-0.99%) (control 0.41%). The revealed increased level of cytogenetic disorders correlates with the total content of organochlorine pesticides.
Highlights
The impact that is the pesticides have on the environment is acute and the issue of major concern for many countries
Persistent organic pesticides are characterized by the following features: they remain in the environment for a long time until their full decomposition; they transmitted over long distances, even to areas far from thousands of kilometers from their emission sources; they are accumulated in the tissues of all living organisms penetrating with food, drinking water or atmospheric air; they poison human and animals, causing wide spectrum of toxic disturbances; they have a mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic effect; they can
Allium cepa was applied as a biological indication, it is standardized, sensitive and officially recognized method which has been in use widely for more than four decades to assess the quality/pollution of water and water supplies, as well as the ground and the state of environment resulting from the harmful effects from different kinds of pollutants including pesticides [2] (The Allium root tip chromosome aberration assay has been adopted by the International Program on Plant Bioassay (IPPB), for monitoring or testing environmental pollutants [3])
Summary
The impact that is the pesticides have on the environment is acute and the issue of major concern for many countries. One of the most promising methods for determining the total effect of toxicants on natural environment objects of natural inhabitants is testing of the state of bioindicator organisms, which can be microorganisms, fungi, endemic species of plants and animals. Allium cepa was applied as a biological indication, it is standardized, sensitive and officially recognized method which has been in use widely for more than four decades to assess the quality/pollution of water and water supplies, as well as the ground and the state of environment resulting from the harmful effects from different kinds of pollutants including pesticides [2] (The Allium root tip chromosome aberration assay has been adopted by the International Program on Plant Bioassay (IPPB), for monitoring or testing environmental pollutants [3])
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