Abstract
Chrysanthemums are undoubtedly one of the most popular flowering plants in the world. Their exceptional importance in Asian culture resulted in the global popularization of this species, which resulted in the high interest of breeders. Chrysanthemums can be divided into three groups: small-flowered, mid-flowered, and large-flowered. The exceptional economic importance and a large number of varieties make them problematic to identify, resulting in a less efficient breeding process. In the case of chrysanthemums, genotypes are almost impossible to distinguish by using phenotypic methods due to the high variation in morphological characteristics, even when they belong to the same group. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 97 chrysanthemum cultivars using 14 selected SSR markers. Large-flowered varieties (Angali and Rosee D’une) were characterized by the smallest mutual distance, and the greatest distance was between large-flowered (Impact Rood) and small-flowered (Conaco Yellow) varieties. All methods of visualizing the results reveal a clear distinctiveness of small-flowered cultivars, except for the cultivars from the Moira series.
Highlights
Chrysanthemum is an internationally known ornamental plant of significant cultural importance
Due to the progress in breeding, resulting mainly from year-round breeding based on the adjustment of lighting conditions to the requirements of these plants, an intensive increase in the market value of chrysanthemums can be observed, among others, in India [2] and Brazil [3]
The development of breeding methods based on photoperiodism and genetics was of particular importance in obtaining new varieties
Summary
Chrysanthemum is an internationally known ornamental plant of significant cultural importance. The history of cultivation probably dates back to around 500 BC in China and Japan [1] It is one of the ornamental plants of exceptional economic importance. The chrysanthemum market includes cut flowers, potted flowers, and garden flowers, and the morphological diversity of these plants means that even the most demanding buyer will find something for themselves. The development of breeding methods based on photoperiodism and genetics was of particular importance in obtaining new varieties. The huge diversity of varieties can present a challenge for the breeder in identifying and classifying the propagating material, which in turn results in a less efficient breeding process. An attempt was made to analyze the genetic differentiation of selected genotypes of chrysanthemums from each group with the use of SSR markers. The high variability of microsatellite fragments causes a large diversity of alleles even among very closely related individuals, which allows for a precise classification
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