Abstract
Clinical trials conducted in many centres worldwide indicate that, despite advances made in the use of biomaterials for medical applications, tribocorrosive wear remains a significant issue. The release of wear residue into body fluids can cause inflammation and, as a result, implant failure. Surface modification is one of the methods used to improve the mechanical, tribological, and fatigue properties of biomaterials. In this article, the authors investigated the impact of ion implantation on improving the functional properties of implant surfaces. This paper presents morphology, geometric surface structure, hardness, and tribological test results for layers obtained by ion implantation with nitrogen and oxygen ions on alloy 316L. The surface morphology and thickness of the implanted layer were examined using scanning microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to evaluate the geometric structure of the surface. Instrumented indentation was used to measure nanohardness. Model tribo tests were carried out for reciprocating motion under conditions of dry friction and lubricated friction with Ringer’s solution. The tribological tests showed that the implanted samples had a lower wear than the reference samples. Nitrogen ion implantation increased the hardness of 316L steel by about 45% and increased it by about 15% when oxygen ions were used.
Highlights
The increase in the number of osteoarticular injuries has intensified research on biotribology and biomaterials [1]
A detailed analysis of the surface geometric structure is based on an informed selection of amplitude parameters, which are a valuable source of information on the design
The following conclusions were formulated based on the test results: 1
Summary
The increase in the number of osteoarticular injuries has intensified research on biotribology and biomaterials [1]. Clinical trials conducted worldwide show that corrosive and mechanical wear on the implant surface remains a major issue despite ongoing efforts. The release of metal wear particles into body fluids can lead to metallosis in soft tissues and the formation of pseudotumors [2,3,4]. Inflammatory reactions that develop due to corrosion and metallosis caused by toxic and allergic reactions are due to a change in the body fluid pH resulting from the presence of metal wear debris. Implants remain in constant contact with body fluids, which have a high concentration of chloride ions that are strongly corrosive to metals. The process is intensified by the presence of proteins and amino acids in body fluids
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