Assessment of the elements of the yield structure and the parameters of adapta-bility of varieties and hybrids of sunflower in the steppe Volga region

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of varieties and hybrids of sunflower bred by the Federal Agricultural Research Center for South-East Region in the steppe Volga region. As a result of two-factor analysis of variance, the contribution of factors to the overall variability of the studied indicators was revealed. It was found out that the elements of the yield structure are characterized by significant variability depending on the year, genotype and on the interaction of these factors. As a result of the research, a significant variation of the studied parameters of the sunflower was established. Factor A (variety) had the greatest influence on the anthode diameter - 33.57%; factor B (year) had the greatest influence on the number of seeds from one anthode (44.12%), the mass of 1000 seeds (40.61%); interaction of AB factors on the weight of seeds from one anthode (35.77%). Calculation of the regression coefficient of the yield of the studied varieties and hybrids of sunflower for varying environmental conditions made it possible to characterize their adaptability. It was found out that hybrids YuVS 3, Everest, Duet, Continent with a regression coefficient of more than 1.0 are characterized by the highest responsiveness to favorable environmental conditions. At the same time, the studied varieties (Skorospelyi 87, Saratovskiy 20, Saratovskiy 87, Stepnoy 81) have less variability in yield over the years of research, which confirms a more pronounced adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions. In the conditions of the Right Bank of the Saratov Region, on average over three years, the highest yield of sunflower oilseeds had Saratovsky 20 variety (2.72 t/ha) and Continent hybrid (3.16 t / ha). The sunflower yield depended on the genotype (factor A) by 28.87 %, on the weather conditions of the year (factor B) by 49.26%. The interaction of the two factors was 19.68 %.