Abstract
Home garden is a traditional agroforestry system, which is an ecologically and socio-economically sustainable land use system in West Java, Indonesia. It plays a fundamental role in providing subsistence food and income to local people through a multi-strata structure. Despite the importance of the home garden, which is strongly linked with quality of living, there is still a lack of quantitative data and information. Therefore, we quantified the economic and ecological characteristics of home gardens in the present study to evaluate their diverse roles. In addition, general strategies that are applicable to home gardens in West Java were developed for sustainable management. The results of this study indicated that: (1) large landholding size showed a significantly higher Net Present Value (NPV) than small landholding size when the home gardens were dominated by fruit tree species, (2) species richness, species diversity, and carbon stock did not differ significantly among the different types and sizes of home gardens in West Java, and (3) multi-layered and diverse species composition is considerable for sustainable management of home gardens in terms of income generation and against urbanization and commercialization in West Java, Indonesia. Further studies should be considered for developing a standardized and generalized model that is able to evaluate and quantify the various ecosystem values that are generally acceptable and applicable in rural areas.
Highlights
Pezer [1] reported that 767 million people are estimated to be suffering from hunger and approximately one billion people live in extreme poverty
This study was conducted in the Hegarmanah and Cicantayan villages, which administratively belong to the Cicantayan sub-district, Sukabumi Regency, in West Java, Indonesia
The results showed that suren (T. sureni) constituted the highest percentage (RD 24.76%) of the relative density followed by sengon (P. falcataria, RD 20.26%), manggis (G. mangostana, RD 15.11%), durian (D. zibethinus, RD 4.50%), and jabon (A. cadamba, RD 4.50%)
Summary
Pezer [1] reported that 767 million people are estimated to be suffering from hunger and approximately one billion people live in extreme poverty. 80% of poor people are living in rural areas and 64% of them are engaged in agricultural activities including crop cultivation, animal husbandry, forestry, fisheries, and aquaculture as their main income source and for food. In this region, more than 47.3% of the people are living in rural areas and most of them are likely to rely on agricultural activities, which provide local people with daily food and income sources. More than 47.3% of the people are living in rural areas and most of them are likely to rely on agricultural activities, which provide local people with daily food and income sources They are vulnerable to livelihood risks caused by climate change and other anthropogenic impacts, such as shifting cultivation mainly related to agricultural activities [2,3]
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