Assessment of the differences of hematological variables and their correlation with glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Iraq: Comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

This research aimed to assess the hematological traits of male adults diagnosed with diabetes and investigate the relationship between blood sugar levels with hematological factors among patients. A cross-sectional comparison study was conducted at Fallujah Teaching Hospital from April 1 to July 30, 2023. The research comprised 185 volunteers, including 125 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (65 with well blood sugar levels and 60 with poorly-regulated blood sugar levels) and 60 healthy individuals serving as controls. The evaluation of hematological parameters was conducted using Swelab-Alfa. An independent T-test was used for assessment. The patients exhibited substantially decreased mean absolute lymphocyte count, Hct, MCHC, and PLT values compared to the control group. The diabetic group had significantly higher mean values for total neutrophil count, absolute basophil counts, RDWSD, RDWCV, PDW, PLCR, and MPV than the control group. Patients with poor glycemic control had substantially elevated levels of Mon, Eos, Bas, MCHC, PLT, MPV, PLCR, and PCT. In contrast, individuals with poor glycemic control had substantially lower levels of Neu, RBC count, and PDW. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant positive connection between neutrophil count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PDW, MPV, PLCR, and PCT with FBG. Lym, RBC count, and Hct exhibited a statistically significant inverse connection with FBG in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research demonstrated a notable impact of diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, and fasting blood glucose levels on some hematological markers.